IBDP Survival

Words definition

Exchange rate - the value of one currency expressed in terms of another currency

Floating exchange rate - The value of a currency determined solely by the demand and supply of the currency on the foreign exchange

Appreciation - ↑ in the free market exchange rate of currency (↑ value of currency)

Depreciation - ↓ in the free market exchange rate of currency (↓ value of currency)

The diagram above shows the appreciation of US $ in term of €

The value of $ will ↑ in EU if more people demand $. 

→ demand curve shift to the right → exchange price ↑ from ex1 to ex2

The diagram above shows the depreciation of US $ in term of €

The value of $ will ↓ in EU if fewer people demand $. 

→ demand curve shift to the left → exchange price ↓ from ex2 to ex1

The diagram above shows the appreciation of US $ in term of €

The value of $ will ↑ in the EU if the US supply less $ in the market. 

quantity supplied ↓ from Q1 to Q2 → supply curve shift to the left → exchange price ↑ from ex1 to ex2

The diagram above shows the depreciation of US $ in term of €

The value of $ will ↓ in the EU if the US supply more $ in the market. 

quantity supplied ↑ from Q1 to Q2 → supply curve shift to the right → exchange price ↓ from ex2 to ex1

Why exchange rate change?

1. Change in demand for goods and services

directly affect foreign exchange market

ex) demand for Thailand rice ↑ → need Thailand currency to import rice  →

demand for Thailand currency ↑ → appreciation of Thailand currency

2. Change in investment flow 

- Buy foreign currency to make the investment to that country

- investment flow ↑ → appreciation

- investment flow ↓ → depreciation

ex) portfolio investment, foreign direct investment 

3. Change in relative interest rate

1- interest rate ↓ → saving ↓ → domestic investment less attractive → domestic investment ↓ →

the demand for domestic currency ↓ → depreciation

2- interest rate ↑ → saving ↑ → domestic investment more attractive → domestic investment ↑ →

the demand for domestic currency ↑ → appreciation

4. Change in the relative inflation rate

- affects the overall price level → product less competitive 

a) increased supply of currency - price competitiveness ↓, the export price ↑ → depreciate

b) decreased demand for currency  - price competitiveness ↓, the export price ↑ → appreciate 

5. Change in relative growth rate

- ↑ growth → ↑ income → spend more on domestic goods and services → import ↑ supply ↑ → supply curve shift right (depreciate)

6. Expectation of future growth

- investment ↑ → capital flow ↑ → appreciation

7. Speculation

- buy currency → sell it when it appreciates

Advantage of exchange rate

1. Downward pressure on inflation

- low price of imported goods put pressure to domestic producers to be more competitive

→ the low price of imported goods cool down cost-push inflation

2. ↑ efficiency for a foreign producer

- ↑ exchange rate threatens international competitiveness → downward pressure force ↓cost

3. Purchasing power ↑

Disadvantage of exchange rate

1. Damage to export industries

- price ↑, difficult to export → unemployment

2. Damage to domestic industries 

- expensive → Demand for domestic goods ↓ → Aggregate Demand ↓

Advantage of low exchange rate

1. Greater employment in the export industry 

2. Greater employment in the domestic industry

Disadvantage of low exchange rate

1. Inflation

• export price ↓ → imports less attractive → ↑ net export → demand-pull inflation
• imports expensive → cost-push inflation →imported raw material makes the cost of production↑

Microeconomics

production possibility curve

Macroeconomics

International Economics

Protectionism - tariff

Protectionism, Free trade diagram - Quota, subsidy, tariff

Exchange rate - Floating Exchange Rate Diagram 

Exchange rate - Fixed Exchange Rate Diagram

^ click the diagram you want 

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텍스트 장르

이 텍스트는 시에 관심이 있는 한 블로거가 2016년 5월 19일에 SNS시에 대해 적은 글이다. 쓰인 날짜, 제목, 소제목, 그리고 하단의 링크가 있는 점으로 미루어 볼때 블로그 형식의 텍스트란것을 알 수 있다. 블로그라는 매체의 특성상, 이 글은 정형화된 형식과 구성으로 쓰이지 않고 자유롭게 쓰여졌다. 보통의 블로그에서 개인의 일상을 서술한 것을 생각해 볼때 이 텍스트는 개인적인 이야기가 아닌 기술의 발전을 기준으로 변화된 시의 형식을 깊이있게 추적하고 평가했다는 점에서 평론에 가까운 글이다.

독자와 의도

이 블로그는 시가 글쓴이의 감정을 담아 쉽고 간단하게 쓸 수 있는 문학 장르지만 해석하기 난해하다는 편협된 관념으로 인해 최근들어 대중들에게 쉽게 다가가지 못했다는 점을 언급한다. 블로거는 평소에 문학에 관심은 있으나 바쁜 일상 때문에 쉽게 접하지 못한 현대인들 중 다른 문학 장르보다 시를 어렵게 생각하는 사람들을 대상으로 이 글을 작성하였다. 이 텍스트는 시가 급격한 기술발전으로 인해 어떻게 발전되어가는지에 대해 서술하고 있다. 이처럼 블로거는 시가 SNS라는 진화된 형태를 통해 대중들에게 쉽게 다가갈수 있는 장르로 거듭나고 있다는것을 소개하며 방문자들에게 시에 대한 선입견을 깨트리고 시와 독자의 거리를 좁히려는 의도를 드러낸다.

내용과 주제

첫번째 문단에서 작가는 시가 재유행한 이유가 기술의 발달에 있다고 말하며 많은 사람들의 공감을 이끌어 내고 있다고 설명한다. 이어진 문단에서 작가는 SNS(소셜 네트워킹 서비스)시가 무엇인지에  대해 설명하고, SNS시와 관련된 전시회를 소개하며 독자의 흥미를 이끌어낸다. 이는 누구나 시인이 될 수 있다는 점과, 시가 현대의 중요한 소통 수단이라는 점을 강조하기 위해 적혀졌다. 또한 작가는 SNS시가 많은 현대인들에게 공감받고 있는 이유가 일상적의 소재를 감성적으로 풀어고, SNS특성상 빠르게 유통되기 때문이라고 설명한다. 다섯 번째  단락에서 작가는 Dica시라는 SNS시의 또다른 갈래를 소개한다. "독자들도 부담 없이 만들 수 있답니다." 처럼 아무나 쉽고 부담없이 만들수 있다는 Dica시의 특성을 강조하며 독자의 참여를 유도하고 있다. 마지막 문단에서도 "일상의 소재들을 꺼내 시 한편 써보는 건 어떨까요?" 라는 문장을 통해 독자에게 직접적으로 시 쓰기를 권유하는 모습을 보인다.

어조와 분위기

문체

구조 (제목과 사진)

블로거는 SNS시에 대한 독자의 이해를 돕기 위해 여러 사진을 첨부하였다. 작가는 사진을 첨부함으로써 독자에게 SNS시를 더 와닿게 만든다. 첫번째 사진은 현대인들이 생각하는 문학이라는 이미지를 시각적으로 보여주기 위해 쓰여졌다. 바닷가 돌덩이 위에 놓여진 책 두 권 중 펼쳐진 한 권에 놓여진 돌은 현대인들이 생각하는 문학의 무거움을 상징한다. 노란빛이 감도는 따뜻한 느낌의 사진은 작가의 감정을 담은 시의 따뜻함을 시각적으로 표현하였다고 볼 수 있다.

또한, 작가는 SNS시가 사진, 영상 등 다른 대충매체와 결합하며 자신의 생각을 쉽게 담을 수 있다는 점을 설명하기 위해 실제 SNS시들의 삽화를 첨부하며 공유를 통해 대중의 공감을 얻을 수 있다는 것을 언급하였다. 그 중 첫번째 시는 현대의 독자들이 쉽게 공감할 만한 주제를 해학적으로 풀어낸 시인데, 이는 해석하기 난해한 글이 아닌, 모두가 공감할만한 감정을 해학적으로 표현한 글 또한 시가 될 수 있다는 것을 보여준다.